Constraints on light QCD and CP-violating axions from the death line of rotation-powered pulsars

arXiv:2512.11023 · hep-ph, astro-ph.HE · Submitted 2025-12-11 · Read on arXiv

hep-ph, astro-ph.HE

Submitted: 2025-12-11

Updated: 2026-09-08

Comments: v2: Published version. 45 pages, 43 figures. Original manuscript has been divided into a results paper (this v2), and a methods paper (published as an independent article in PRD). v1:60 pages, 59 figures

License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

Terminology

• Core — 12× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Population Synthesis — 7× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Alignment — 3× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Ambipolar Diffusion — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Decoupling — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Superradiance — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Trace — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Abundance — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Consistency — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Cooperation — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Department of Energy — 1× in this paper
• Equation of State (EoS) — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Observational Selection Effects — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Simulation-based Inference — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Symmetry Breaking — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes

Sources

• Measurement of the permanent electric dipole moment of the neutron
• Solving the Hierarchy Problem Discretely
• An even lighter QCD axion
• Probing axions with neutron star inspirals and other stellar processes
• White dwarfs as a probe of exceptionally light QCD axions
• Heavy neutron stars from light scalars
• Constraining Light QCD Axions with Isolated Neutron Star Cooling
• Electrobaryonic axion: hair of neutron stars
• Measuring axion gradients with photon interferometry (MAGPI)
• Structure of Stellar Remnants with Coupling to a Light Scalar
• The QCD Axion at Finite Density
• The QCD axion, precisely
• Dark matter from an even lighter QCD axion: trapped misalignment
• Stacking the Deck: Gambling on a Light QCD Axion
• $\phi$-Dwarfs: White Dwarfs probe Quadratically Coupled Scalars
• New ultralight scalar particles and the mass-radius relation of white dwarfs -- the important role of Sirius B
• Pi in the Sky: Neutron Stars with Exceptionally Light QCD Axions
• Effects of Lighter-than-QCD Axions on Neutron Star Tidal Deformability
• From axion quality and naturalness problems to a high-quality $\mathbb{Z}_{N}$ QCD relaxion
• Radio Pulsar Sub-Populations (I) : The Curious Case of Nulling Pulsars

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• Axions as Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and Dark Radiation