Server-Enforced Watermarking in U-Shaped Split Federated Learning

arXiv:2511.14422 · cs.CR, cs.AI, cs.LG · Submitted 2025-11-18 · Read on arXiv

cs.CR, cs.AI, cs.LG

Submitted: 2025-11-18

Updated: 2026-09-26

Terminology

• Robustness — 41× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Verification — 24× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Fidelity — 22× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Federated Learning — 15× in this paper · explained in 14 episodes
• Accuracy — 12× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Core — 10× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Pruning — 9× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Ablation — 7× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Cosine Similarity — 7× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Fine-Tuning — 7× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Data Heterogeneity — 5× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Intellectual Property — 5× in this paper
• Quantization — 5× in this paper · explained in 12 episodes
• Split Federated Learning — 4× in this paper
• Verifier — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Cooperation — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Loss Function — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Ablation Studies — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Ablation study — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Aggregation — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Computational overhead — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy — 2× in this paper
• Signal-to-Noise Ratio — 2× in this paper
• Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Adaptation — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmark — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Binary Cross-Entropy — 1× in this paper
• Consistency — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Contrastive Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Differentially Private — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Distillation — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Federated Learning (FL) — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Fingerprinting — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Knowledge Distillation — 1× in this paper · explained in 11 episodes
• Non-IID Data — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• Split learning for health: Distributed deep learning without sharing raw patient data
• DeepMarks: A Digital Fingerprinting Framework for Deep Neural Networks
• Feature Space Hijacking Attacks against Differentially Private Split Learning

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