Seeing Through the MiRAGE: Evaluating Multimodal Retrieval Augmented Generation

arXiv:2510.24870 · cs.CL, cs.CV, cs.IR · Submitted 2025-10-28 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL, cs.CV, cs.IR

Submitted: 2025-10-28

Updated: 2026-09-16

Comments: EMNLP Main, Code here: https://github.com/alexmartin1722/mirage

Code: https://github.com/alexmartin1722/mirage

License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

The gist: We introduce MiRAGE, an evaluation framework for retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) from multimodal sources.

Terminology

Abstract

We introduce MiRAGE, an evaluation framework for retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) from multimodal sources. As audiovisual media becomes a more prevalent source of information online, RAG systems must integrate such media into generation. Yet, existing evaluation methods for RAG are largely text-centric and do not readily transfer to multimodal settings. MiRAGE is a claim-centric approach to multimodal RAG evaluation, consisting of InfoF1, which assesses factuality and information coverage, and CiteF1, which assesses citation support and completeness. We show that, when applied by humans, MiRAGE strongly aligns with extrinsic judgments of output quality. We additionally introduce an automatic implementation of MiRAGE and compare it to multimodal variants of three prominent text-centric RAG metrics---ALCE, ARGUE, and RAGAS---finding that MiRAGE outperforms all three on text while being the only one to generalize to multimodal sources. We release open-source implementations and outline evaluation methods for multimodal RAG.

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