NeuroBreak: Unveil Internal Jailbreak Mechanisms in Large Language Models

arXiv:2509.03985 · cs.CR, cs.AI · Submitted 2025-09-04 · Read on arXiv

cs.CR, cs.AI

Submitted: 2025-09-04

Updated: 2026-08-29

Terminology

• Fine-Tuning — 27× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Alignment — 18× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Trace — 11× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Transformer — 11× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Explainability — 4× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Interpretability — 4× in this paper · explained in 15 episodes
• Robustness — 4× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Adaptation — 3× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 3× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Linear probe — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Verification — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Adversarial Attacks — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Attack Success Rate — 2× in this paper
• Attack Success Rate (ASR) — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Benchmark — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Embeddings — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Pruning — 2× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Transformer Architecture — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Accuracy — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Aggregation — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Alignment Methods — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Attention Mechanism — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Clustering — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Core — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Decode — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Generalizability — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• In-Situ Verification — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Latent Space — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Linear Probing — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Mechanistic interpretability — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Principal Component Analysis — 1× in this paper
• Principal Component Analysis (PCA) — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Prompt Engineering — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Semantic Alignment — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Sparsity — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes

Sources

• Understanding intermediate layers using linear classifier probes
• LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models
• A Cross-Language Investigation into Jailbreak Attacks in Large Language Models
• Safety Layers in Aligned Large Language Models: The Key to LLM Security
• AutoDAN: Generating Stealthy Jailbreak Prompts on Aligned Large Language Models
• Quantized Delta Weight Is Safety Keeper
• A Simple and Effective Pruning Approach for Large Language Models
• Universal and Transferable Adversarial Attacks on Aligned Language Models

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