Political Ideology Shifts in Large Language Models

arXiv:2508.16013 · cs.CL · Submitted 2025-08-22 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL

Submitted: 2025-08-22

Updated: 2026-08-31

Code: https://github.com/d-lab/political-ideology-shifts-in-LLMs

Terminology

• Clustering — 11× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Political Compass Test — 9× in this paper
• Alignment — 6× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Fine-Tuning — 5× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Persona Prompting — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Generalizability — 3× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 3× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Benchmark — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Embeddings — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Transformer — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• AI Agents — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Actor — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Adam — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Commentary — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Consistency — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Distillation — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Downstream Tasks — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• EMMA — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Foundation Model — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Foundation Models — 1× in this paper · explained in 7 episodes
• Generative AI — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Prompt Engineering — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Representation Engineering — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Steering — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes

Sources

• PRISM: A Methodology for Auditing Biases in Large Language Models
• On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Models
• Towards Measuring the Representation of Subjective Global Opinions in Language Models
• KTO: Model Alignment as Prospect Theoretic Optimization
• Personas with Attitudes: Controlling LLMs for Diverse Data Annotation
• Scaling Synthetic Data Creation with 1,000,000,000 Personas
• The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
• Mistral 7B
• The Widespread Adoption of Large Language Model-Assisted Writing Across Society
• Qwen2.5 Technical Report

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