Evaluating the Evaluator: Summarization Metrics and LLM-Judges beyond English

arXiv:2503.17039 · cs.CL, cs.AI · Submitted 2025-03-21 · Read on arXiv

cs.CL, cs.AI

Submitted: 2025-03-21

Updated: 2026-09-02

Code: https://github.com/hitz-zentroa/summarization

Terminology

• Consistency — 37× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• LLM-as-a-Judge — 23× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Core — 14× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Natural Language Processing — 7× in this paper
• Alignment — 4× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Embeddings — 4× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• BAsque and Spanish Summarization Evaluation — 3× in this paper
• Cosine Similarity — 2× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Abstraction — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Annotator Agreement — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Document Understanding Conference — 1× in this paper
• Fine-Tuning — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• LLM judge — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Low-Resource Languages — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Natural Language Generation — 1× in this paper
• Prompt Engineering — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• RAG — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Redundancy — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Reinforcement Learning — 1× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Text Analysis Conference — 1× in this paper
• Tokenization — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• University of Alicante — 1× in this paper

Sources

• GPT-4 Technical Report
• Atla Selene Mini: A General Purpose Evaluation Model
• The Llama 3 Herd of Models
• A Survey on LLM-as-a-Judge
• An Empirical Study of LLM-as-a-Judge for LLM Evaluation: Fine-tuned Judge Model is not a General Substitute for GPT-4
• Exploring the Limit of Outcome Reward for Learning Mathematical Reasoning
• Qwen2.5 Technical Report
• Reka Core, Flash, and Edge: A Series of Powerful Multimodal Language Models
• Language Models are Multilingual Chain-of-Thought Reasoners

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