Addressing Moral Uncertainty using Large Language Models for Ethical Decision-Making

arXiv:2503.05724 · cs.CY, cs.AI · Submitted 2025-10-01 · Read on arXiv

Rohit K. Dubey, Damian Dailisan, Sachit Mahajan

cs.CY, cs.AI

Submitted: 2025-10-01

Updated: 2026-08-24

Code: https://github.com/xxxxx/moral

Terminology

• Reinforcement Learning — 37× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Aggregation — 27× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Aggregation Function — 8× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Core — 7× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Reward Function — 7× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Consistency — 6× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Fine-Tuning — 6× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• AI Agents — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Accountability — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Alignment — 5× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Data Fusion — 5× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Deep Reinforcement Learning — 5× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Reinforcement Learning (RL) — 4× in this paper · explained in 25 episodes
• Ablation — 3× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Actor — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Adaptability — 3× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Benchmark — 3× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Interpretability — 3× in this paper · explained in 15 episodes
• Large Language Model (LLM) — 3× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Proximal Policy Optimization — 3× in this paper
• Ablation Studies — 2× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Basic Belief Assignment — 2× in this paper
• Large Language Models (LLMs) — 2× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) — 2× in this paper · explained in 4 episodes
• Reward Shaping — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Robustness — 2× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes
• Steering — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Verification — 2× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• AI Alignment — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Ablation study — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Action Space — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Adaptation — 1× in this paper · explained in 1 episode
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence — 1× in this paper
• Basic Probability Assignment — 1× in this paper
• Cooperation — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Fidelity — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Formal Verification — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Generalization — 1× in this paper · explained in 13 episodes
• Generative AI — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Human-in-the-Loop — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Intersectionality — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Iterative Refinement — 1× in this paper · explained in 3 episodes
• Lyapunov function — 1× in this paper · explained in 2 episodes
• Markov Decision Process — 1× in this paper
• Markov Decision Process (MDP) — 1× in this paper · explained in 11 episodes
• Multi-Agent System — 1× in this paper · explained in 6 episodes
• Quantifying Uncertainty — 1× in this paper · explained in 5 episodes

Sources

• Reinforcement Learning Under Moral Uncertainty
• A Formalization of Kant's Second Formulation of the Categorical Imperative
• Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behavior
• The Moral Turing Test: Evaluating Human-LLM Alignment in Moral Decision-Making
• Navigating LLM Ethics: Advancements, Challenges, and Future Directions
• FIRE: Fact-checking with Iterative Retrieval and Verification
• A Review of Safe Reinforcement Learning: Methods, Theory and Applications
• Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms

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